It then creates a local, signed boot policy that allows system firmware to boot this macOS install. The "blessing" process done by the Startup Options screen involves copying the entire macOS Preboot partition - iBoot2 OS loader, Darwin kernel, auxiliary CPU/device firmwares, device tree, and some additional stuff - to the internal SSD. That boot picker that looks like the UEFI boot picker on Intel Macs? Yeah, that's a full-screen app on macOS made to look similar. M1 Macs use macOS as the moral equivalent of the UEFI setup menu. When you boot into the "Startup Options" menu, you are booting into a special macOS partition in the internal SSD. All of this is by design, for security - UEFI is an enormous hairball of code, especially on Intel macs, and almost impossible to secure properly for that reason. It doesn't even have a keyboard driver, or any kind of GUI other than showing the Apple logo and "Entering startup options" text, and some error screens. This is because the built-in firmware is extremely minimal, and does not contain drivers for anything but the internal SSD. In fact, they do not support external boot disks at all, by design. The M1 boot process is very different from Intel macs.
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